Islam in Bed with Europe in “My Son the Fanatic” Essay

My Son the Fanatic is a film that addresses the cultural conflict of both Islamic integration in into Europe and English culture, as well as the relationship that arises between a father and his Muslim son when the child grows up to become an Islamic fundamentalist. (Udayan Prasad, 1997, England; screenplay by Hanif Kureishi) A Pakistani cab driver in a Northern English town has an affair with a prostitute and chauffeurs her and her colleagues to make extra money. When his son becomes an Islamic fundamentalist and joins in an effort to clean up vice in the town, the family’s loyalties and beliefs are tested. This film completely tests the conflict that exists with Islam encountering the European world through migrations and cultural development. Kureishi reveals the core conflict of the reality of English sexual revolution of the 60’s encountering Islamic sexual regression of the present era. In the New York Time’s article â€Å"My Beautiful London†, author Rachel Donadio, notes, â€Å"One of the most revealing insights into Britain’s recent social history comes early in â€Å"My Son the Fanatic,† Hanif Kureishi’s tender and darkly prescient 1997 film. It’s morning in an unnamed city in northern England, and Parvez, a secular Pakistani immigrant taxi driver brilliantly portrayed by Om Puri, watches Farid, his increasingly devout college-age son, sell his electric guitar. † The essence of this cultural conflict between Islamic and Western English culture can be seen in both in how the filmmaker and the central character, the taxi driver Parvez and his son Farid, are raised. They are both brought up by mullahs and nuns alike which reveals the complex nature of multicultural issues a Muslim immigrant might encounter living in Europe. The potential for plot development is endless as the director notes â€Å"You can’t ask people to give up their religion; that would be absurd,† he wrote in The Guardian. But hard-line views might modify â€Å"as they come into contact with other ideas. † That was the essence of â€Å"effective multiculturalism†: not a superficial exchange of festivals and foods driven by liberal guilt, but something else entirely — an encounter with human desires in all their complexity. Higson poses the question in his article â€Å"The Limiting Imagination of National Cinema,† â€Å"When is a cinema ‘national’? , asks Susan Hayward (1993: 1). As if in answer, Crofts delineates several different types of ‘national’ cinema that have emerged in different historical circumstances (1993, 1998). They have performed quite distinct functions in relation to the state (Higson, p63). Hanif Kureishi’s work â€Å"My Son the Fanatic† fits this description exactly. The Film is historical and has an effect on multicultralism through its relevance and relation to England and the happenings of the ‘state. ’ In also being historical, â€Å"My son the Fanatic is also a product of National Cinema†, as â€Å"Proclamations of national cinema are thus in part one form of internal cultural colonialism: it is, of course, the function of institutions—and in this case national cinemas—to pull together diverse and contradictory discourses, to articulate a contradictory unity, to play a part in the hegemonic process of achieving consensus, and containing difference and contradiction Higson p. 139). Islamic law is formally composed of literal translations of Arab tribal customs and ancient Muslim traditions as well as the Koran, and quotes from the Islamic prophet Muhammad as well as his predecessors. â€Å"When you get down to it, there are two types of people in Kureishi’s work: those running toward sex and those running away from it (p. 6)† In the film Parvez’s son Farid notes that he is seeking â€Å"Belief, purity, belonging to the past,† and then he notes â€Å"I won’t bring up my children in this country. † This represents the classh between what is now his fundamentalist beliefs through devotion to Islam and the clash European cultures poses on those beliefs. Farid sees no way both ways of life can exist together. Likewise, Parvez represents the embodiment of a westernized Muslim, so much so that he can’t identitfy with son. In the film this conversation boils up into a conflict in which Parvez begins to beat his son repeatedly, until his son shouts to him â€Å"who’s the fanatic now? † A major motif of the film that Kureishi mentions in his interview, is the concept of old Sharia law and the ancient traditions of the past being re-imposed on a post-sexual revolution present. Kurishi points this intergenerational drama out as ironic when he says, It perplexed me that young people, brought up in secular Britain, would turn to a form of belief that denied them the pleasures of the society in which they lived,(Donp. 7 he goes on to pinpoint that exact issue that faces the relationship for shared for young people concerning Islam and western culture to date when he says, â€Å"the West, the Nietzschean project, has been to drive out religion and to produce a secular society in which men and women make their own values because morality is gone. Then suddenly radical religion returns from the Third World. How can you not laugh at that? How can you not find that a deep historical irony? † This irony Kureishi speaks of is the main theme of the film. In Richard Dyer’s essay The White Man’s Muscle, he talks about stereotypes that have been enforced connecting as far back as the Greek era, and that now dominate film and television basically promoting the superiority of white masculinity. Body hair is animalistic; hair ¬lessness connotes striving above nature. The climax of Gli amori di Ercole has Hercules fighting a giant ape, who has previously behaved in a King Kong-ish way towards Hercules’s beloved Dejanira, stroking her hair and when she screams making as if to rape her; close-ups contrast Hercules’s smooth, hairless muscles with the hairy limbs of this racist archetype. (Dyer) Here Dyer points out how the uppermost essence of masculinity is equated with shaven white muscle, through its very contrast to that of hair apes, who are historically associated with blackness. He acknowledges the racist aspects of this archetype, but also gives notice to the private boys’ club-like tradition that has formed from this prejudice. This mentality demonstrates the epitome of the world in which A state agency for assessing public religious schools had given a top rating to a Muslim school that was advocating a return to the Caliphate; the interior minister at the time, Jack Straw, came under fire for suggesting that it might be difficult for a community-relations functionary to meet with constituents who wear a full veil; an Indian woman living in England was lured back to India and murdered in an honor killing; the archbishop of Canterbury said he thought England might consider making some accommodation for Shariah, or Islamic law. What, I wondered, did Kureishi make of all this? (,p. 7) â€Å"There aren’t any answers to these questions,† he replied. â€Å"They’re just questions that everybody has to engage in and think about. What is it like to make a multicultural society? How far do you go in multiculturalism? Do you have parts of the country under Shariah law, for instance? What would that mean? How does that work? You have to take this stuff seriously. † (p. 7) In sum, â€Å"My Son the Fanatic† is potent with cultural complexity and relevance. The film speaks volumes about current issues facing the Western world today as well as those being posed by, and imposed upon the Middle East. One can’t see this film and overlook the tension brewing between the two cultures of the Muslim world and the Christian European environment in which it finds itself. The film does an excellent job of providing authentic interpretation for a conflict that is undyingly relevant and prevailingly influential in today’s socioeconomic and political climate. Work Cited Bordwell & Thompson â€Å"Film History† 2004 Donadio, Rachel â€Å"My Beautiful London† New York Times August 8, 2008 Dyer, Richard â€Å"The White Man’s Muscles† in White London Higson, & Fowler, Catherine. â€Å"The European Cinema Reader† London New York Ptacek, J. , & Dodge, K. Coping Strategies and Relationship Satisfaction in Couples. The Society for Personality and Social Psychology, 21(1), (1995). 76-84. Savran, David. (1998). â€Å"Taking It Like a Man: White Masculinity, Masochism, and Contemporary American Culture. † 380 pp.

Identity – I am an American, not an Asian-American

‘I am an American, not an Asian-American. My rejection of hyphenation has been called race treachery, but it is really a demand that America deliver the promises of its dream to all its citizens equally.' What is identity? Many of us would think that the answer to this question is simple but once placed on the stop and asked to answer it, the answer creates more of an issue than the question. Identity can be defined in many different ways and there is more than one identity. The most obvious of these is an individual identity, regarding one person and their ability to establish their identity and locate themselves. There are also social identities, and collective identities. Usually identity is to do with ideas that are derived from society and often requires some reflexivity as it is to do with being a social being part of a society. It is mostly acquired through social interaction and the meanings we decide of social positions and is often marked through symbols. Identity is all about similarities and differences. These help one identify their sense of self in relation to others who are similar or different. For example it can help identify distinctive characteristics that make one different from others, or identify a shared viewpoint or physical features that make one similar to others. Identity is about how we think about ourselves, other people around us and what we think others around us think of us, many people would imagine social life unimaginable without a social identity. Mukherjee grew up in a Hindu, Bengali-speaking and middle-class neighbourhood. The general belief in her birthplace was that ‘one's identity was fixed, derived from religion, caste, patrimony, and mother tongue.' One did not need to ‘discover' their identity because it was unchangeable and one hardly had an individual identity. As the society was one consisting of similar people, there was a sense of a shared and collective identity, even if not socially, at least within one's family it was shared. Her neighbourhood had influenced her identity greatly, especially when regarding social divisions. For example; gender. In the article, certain sentences make it clear that Mukherjee comes from a male-dominated society. ‘Men provided and women were provided for. My father was a patriarch and I a pliant daughter†¦I didn't expect myself to ever disobey or disappoint my father by setting my own goals and taking charge of my future.' It also seems that class played an important role in the social divisions of the collective identity where she lived. ‘Two commands my father had written out for me†¦marry the bridegroom he selected for me from our caste and class'. She also claims that intercaste, interlanguage and interethnic marriages were forbidden within their traditional culture. Even emigration was frowned upon in Bengali tradition as it was seen as a form of diluting true culture. It seems that a woman's identity was set by the identity (or status) of her father, or after marriage; her husband. Mukherjee also states ‘I was who I was because I was Dr. Sudhir Lal Mukherjee's daughter'. It should also be noted that Mukherjee chooses to use the word ‘was' rather than ‘am'. This suggests that she has in a way cut off ties with her previous identity. She now sees her main identity as being American. Once in America, Mukherjee regarded herself as an Indian foreign student who intended to return to India to live. Her short and impulsive marriage ceremony led her into a whole new world regarding identities and their importance. She felt cut off from the ways of her life in Bengal as she had done something she never would have ever dreamed of doing. She now felt as if she had conflicting loyalties between two extremely different cultures. In America, women have more rights and participate in society just as much as men. This was new to Mukherjee as she now struggled to find her true identity; something she had never really paid attention to before. There had been a recent uproar in America concerning things such as ‘who is an American?' and ‘what is American culture?'. These led to issues involving the scapegoating of immigrants which further pushed Mukherjee into adopting America as her new homeland and following American culture. However, Mukherjee done all with her own choice and therefore takes her citizenship very seriously. The United Nations adds new members almost every year, many ‘old nations' now find themselves challenged with ‘sub' – nationalisms. It looks more and more likely that there will be a creation of more nationalities and people may lose true sight of what their nation once was. Many people in one society do not know each other or even of one another's existence, yet there is a sense of a ‘community'. Anderson (1983) describes this situation as an ‘imagined community'. Members cannot know each other and despite inequality there is still an imagined meaningful friendship. One can, and does have more than one identity. Goffman (1971) talks about impression management and gives life the metaphor of a drama. Humans are seen as actors and play many different roles. He believes that they follow certain ‘scripts' which are relevant in some situations but not in others and interaction is seen as a performance to the audience. This is known as his ‘dramaturgical analogy'. William Shakespeare once famously wrote ‘ All the world is a stage, And all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and entrance; Each man in his time plays many parts'. This means that a concept, even if not widely agreed with, to do with Goffman's idea has been around for a long time. In the debate of culture and identity, the notion of agency is a central theme. Agency is about choice, the ability to exercise this choice in order to shape our own identities. Agency is highly related to reflexivity; a post modern idea. Reflexivity is to do with the capacity of humans to reflect upon themselves, their actions and others around them in order to change or improve themselves. Mukherjee was brought up in an environment where the notion of agency in regards to identity did not exist. Identity was fixed, and one could not change it. Therefore, when she adopted her new found culture in America, she automatically was using agency to choose and shape her own identity. Identity is ever-changing; it changes with time, place and an individual's perception of reality (Vithu Jeyaloganathan – Sri Lankan born Canadian, b. 1991). An Indian politician and founder of the Indian Constitution ( B.R.Ambedkar) once said that ‘Unlike a drop of water which loses its identity when it joins the ocean, man does not lose his being in the society in which he lives. Man's life is independent. He is born not for the development of society alone, but for the development of his self.' This may be representative of India's changing views on the topic of identity and more importantly, individual identity.

Case Study on the Computer Hack at Stellar University

My report will be discussing and analyzing the computer attack that happened at Stellar University (SU). In the first part, I will give a brief about that school and outline its servers. In the second part, I will discuss and analyze the issues that happened in IT department and finally I will add solutions, recommendation and end my report with conclusion and references. Stellar University (SU) is an urban university that offers amazing majors such as engineering, business, hypnotherapy and health. SU uses many tools such as Mainframe AS 400, Unix, and Linux etc. Also, it has networking infrastructure such as wireless and VPN (Virtual Private Network). The issue is that SU did not have a qualified staff in IT who could operate and run the system clearly. Moreover, they have low skills in training and low experience that prevented them of being IT professionals which made them walking with no direction. On the other hand, criterions of IT system were not clear due to the tight restriction and updating password policy. These reasons created a shortage in protecting IT system. The server was an IBM and the upgrade were made to that server in order to maximize space and memory. Additionally, the IBM server warranty has been expired and it did not get renewed. The school management at SU decided to relocate all servers to be at the computer center. The SU was on a budget which made SU laying off some staff and reducing preventive maintenance. Monday morning in February,Show MoreRelatedHp Transformation Leadership21564 Words   |  87 Pagesadvantage through the lapse of time, therefore leadership skills are the only sustainable competitive advantage firms can have. After a colleagues discussion, and a series research, we have decided that Hewlett Packard (HP) will be the subject of our case study for the Organizational Leadership course project. Reason being, the HP culture speaks, acts, and operates within their values, which will be further elaborated in their motto that is widely shared at HP, The HP Way. The core organizational values

Top Argument Essay Samples Ap English Guide!

Top Argument Essay Samples Ap English Guide! All About Argument Essay Samples Ap English The question wasn't merely an invitation to write discursively on the topic of photography. Even if you believe your college essay is ideal, the second pair of expert eyes might be genuine life-saver! Obviously, it is a different story with Nerds. Anyway, your reaction may also make an overall address to the whole documentary without picking parts. Top Argument Essay Samples Ap English Secrets In any case, also make certain that grammar is in order. A good DJ will emphasize certain facets of the music, or bring elements from various tracks into dialog together. AP Language and Composition course is a huge deal, and your primary purpose is to clearly show your capacity to create decent analysis with an ideal structure and grammar indexes. You should have your reasons, and our principal concern is that you find yourself getting a great grade. Some students think about the absolutely f ree response section being the hardest portion of the whole English exam. Demonstrate your confidence this particular problem is resolved and isn't anticipated to reoccur. The act is an entrance exam utilized by the majority of colleges and universities to produce admissions decisions. Even though it might seem that the customer doesn't care about what you've got to say initially, keep in mind that the customer approached you for resolution. Eventually the customer must lower her or his voice to hear what you're saying. He may be angry because he or she made incorrect assumptions that led to improper expectations. He will never be able to navigate the requirements, restrictions or resolution with the same knowledge and experience as you. Reiterate Make sure you are addressing the technical, administrative and emotional facets of the customer concerns. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, together with make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. It's not effective to interrupt the customer while he or she's venting combustible sentiments. Tell the customer that you have the issue and will apply your private effort to achieve success. Appropriate preparation proves that you understand how to compose an argumentative essay in AP English. After you are psychologically set to compose the essay and with clear understanding of your audience, conduct research on the subject or essay. There is a particular essay in the prompt that you have to analyze. Lastly, don't neglect to proof read your biology essay before the last submission. You can also see academic essay. You can also see analytical essay. You might also see descriptive essay. It is crucial to be aware an argumentative essay and an expository essay could possibly be similar, but they vary greatly concerning the quantity of pre-writing and research involved. It should encompass your whole essay in only 1 sentence. Reading example essays works precisely the same way! So this very first post is truly the first in a series that intends to lay out a couple of metaphors which may help to convey what DJing is actually about. After all, the subject of the essay ought to be fully disclosed on an expert level. The War Against Argument Essay Samples Ap English There is only one difference within this prompt, and it lies within this synthesis essay you should write. If you cannot determine what the question is, return and reread the prompt. You're predicted to persuade the readers with your arguments, so be certain you include as many supporting academic parts of evidence as you're able to. The ending of your argument should be constructed from the stated thesis statement. A comprehensive argument As mentioned before, an argument does not need to be formal. Attempt to select the best devices to strengthen your argument that you are able to.

Comparing Perfume Advertisements Essays - 608 Words

Comparing Perfume Advertisements For my media coursework I’m going to look at two printed advertisements selling perfumes. One of them is called â€Å"very irresistible by Givenchy† and the other one is â€Å"rush by Dolce Gabbana†. I’m going to compare the slogan, the logos, target audience and the selling techniques used. The target audience refers to who will buy the product. The perfumes are both used by women primarily but the advertisements are aimed at both male and females. The age group, which is aimed at is the younger end of the market up to mid thirties. As they are using young models you know it’s for younger women. The perfumes are priced reasonably so anyone could afford them. I†¦show more content†¦The Givenchy Company doesn’t use a logo in this particular advert because they show the celebrity covering most of the page, which replaces it. The Dolce Gabbana advert also doesn’t use a logo because they’ve written Dolce Gabbana out in full, possibly because Christmas is coming up and they are encouraging people to buy the product as a Christmas gift. By putting only DG, buyers might not recognise the company’s name and not buy its products. The woman in the Dolce Gabbana advert is a tanned model just wearing a bra. With prominent lip-gloss on her lips, she’s laying back. She’s holding the perfume just over her chest showing the name of the brand. Promised land is used to indicate that if you use it you will look as sexy as her. The American actress Liv Tyler presents the new fragrance in a black and white advert. The advertisers have used the colour black and white to make the product seem sophisticated. To make the actual product stand out the only other colour used is pink which is the colour of the bottle. It also highlights the name of the fragrance ‘Irresistible’. Also in pink there is a small sentence saying ‘the new feminine fragrance’. Pink is used possibly because it is a girly colour. The layout is how all the written work and pictures are placed. The Givenchy advertisers have used bordersShow MoreRelatedEssay about Advertising and Ways to Expose New Products1347 Words   |  6 Pageswhat happening and know how to react to that action . Literature review : Nowadays advertisement has many methods to approach their customers’ interest . But, do company which made these advertisements exaggerate things to influence the way people think ? . Do all companies authentic and honest to people ? . And if some advertisements disguise their backwards from the people , how to distinguish which brand is trustful andRead MoreEssay about What are Ads Really Trying to Say?949 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisements are everywhere in today’s society in the news, radio, on television, pretty much everywhere you go. They are everywhere to try to pull the consumer in to get you to feel, look, or act a certain way. They help consumer narrow their search in what products to buy. The two magazine articles that are being compared are both fragrance ads, Polo and Estee Lauder. I found them both in a cosmopolitan magazine which is a type of upper class magazine for women. Its current content in cludesRead MoreThe Ethnocentric Society of American Culture971 Words   |  4 PagesWhile comparing women and male magazines I noticed some differences in race and social class. â€Å"Social class is a group of people who share a similar economic position in a society, based on their wealth and income† (Newman 321). The majority of the women’s magazine advertisements conveyed white females that were upper class; this could because as women we want to be seen as glamorous, superior, and attractive. 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KARL LAGERFELD In 1983 a new era of Chanel began by employing of Karl Lagerfeld as the art director for haut-couture, prà ªt-à  -porter and accessories, while the fashion label had almost been forgotten, Chanel was at the time only known for the perfumes . Lagerfeld kept the classical line and additionally created more modern clothes, skirts became shorter and new materials were used. Furthermore new products like watches (1987) and cosmetics (1999) were introduced. ART MOBILE CONTAINER The mostRead MorePostmodernism Has Changed The Representation Of Women1721 Words   |  7 Pagesthe way that they are because of their sex, the fact that they have more age determines the lack of representation throughout medium forms when comparing to a younger generation. When referring to images within advertisements, there are younger, beautiful women usually used within the advertisement to promote such skin care products, make up and perfume. Older women are not used anywhere near as much. 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Post Natal Care and Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Providing a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Post-Operative Postnatal Progress and Care of the Woman. Answer: Introduction: The prenatal and postnatal care or the lack thereof for the women who have had Caesarean section and are pregnant again for the second time or have experiences complications during the surgery is a major public health priority, especially for the single woman. One of the major complications that the pregnant women face in the current times is the preterm labour or premature delivery. Preterm labour can be defined as the phenomenon when the baby is born before the 37 weeks of gestation is completed, there can be various contributing factors leading to preterm labour like recurrent preterm birth, extreme anxiety or stress, excessive smoking, cervical exhaustion, infections, etc. The rate of preterm birth has been increasing rapidly, and just in the past decade the rate has jumped close to 30% (MacIntyre et al., 2012). This case study selected for this assignment explains in detail about the medical history of the Yvette, who have had two previous preterm births and is in preterm labour again with various other complications. The woman under consideration in the case scenario had been a heavy smoker and had been caring for two children singlehandedly. Along with that, she had been suffering with whooping cough, UTI and several other infections while in 32 weeks of gestation and had to be admitted to the hospital where she underwent LSCS (Khan et al., 2010). This assignment will attempt to explore the risk factors associated with such scenarios, design a care plan for the newborn and formulate a midwifery care plan for the woman as well. Risk factors associated: According to the case study, the mother, was 32 weeks in gestation and was admitted to the hospital facility, with symptoms like abdominal pain, dysuria, and mild contractions occurring for two days. The medical history includes Group B streptococcus positive urinary tract infection at 26 weeks of pregnancy as well. Along with that her previous two children were both born prematurely close to two years apart; Yvette is extremely stressed and is a heavy smoker with 20 cigarettes a day, and her premature labour is tensing her further. Based on the finding of this case study the two major risk factors that could have positively contributed to her premature labour are smoking and her past history of recurrent preterm births (MacIntyre et al., 2012). There are a variety of adverse effects of smoking on the health and wellbeing of a normal individual, in case of pregnancy however; the risk factors increase multiple folds. According to a large number of exploratory study, smokers were found to be on an elevated risk of pre term delivery, along with that, the risk for preterm birth increased with the increase in number. For instance, heavy smoker mothers had the greater risk of 24% for very preterm labour, 28% for spontaneous birth, and 28% of medically indicated preterm labour. However, the exact pathway through which smoking escalates the risk for preterm birth is not completely known yet (Khan et al., 2010). Although extensive research has discovered that excessive concentration of nicotine and carbon monoxide in the system, compromising the placental blood flow, which in turn disrupts the vasoconstriction of the placental vessels. Along with that the carbon monoxide present in the tobacco smoke is also known to produce carboxy- hemoglobin interfering with the fetal oxygenation (Tsiartas et al., 2012). The nicotine accumulated in the body system of a smoker is also known to increase the maternal blood pressure and pulse rate, which in turn restricts the blood flow to the fetus. The culmination of all these factors ultimately results in altering the amniotic environment for the fetus and restricts the growth and development of the fetus, leading to the preterm labour; idiopathic preterm labour is also associated with the excessive smoking in pregnant woman and is rightfully considered one of the biggest risk factors to preterm delivery in woman (Olsson, Ahlsn Eriksson, 2016). Another highly impactful risk factors in this case scenario that could have contributed to Yvette having to undergo third preterm birth by the means of lower segment caesarean section is her past history of recurrent preterm labour. Recurrent labour can be defined as the occurrence of two or more births before the 37 weeks of gestation can be completed. Various studies have suggested that the occurrence of previous spontaneous preterm labour increases the risk of the next pregnancy to be preterm as well, however in case of preterm labour associated with preeclampsia, the statistics may vary (Pryhuber et al., 2015). Hence it can be suggested that her previous history of premature birth following preeclampsia followed by second premature delivery due to preterm labour increased the risk factor for her indicated preterm pre labour rupture of membranes or PROM. Authors have discussed the cervical insufficiency resulting from the occurrence of more than one preterm delivery to be the cont ributing factor behind the indicated recurrent preterm labour (Henderson et al., 2012). Cervical insufficiency is the result of early cervical ripening caused by the loss of connective tissue or intrauterine infection which has been present in case of the woman under consideration. Therefore it can be concluded that the post operative cervical ripening due to more than one preterm surgical delivery has been one of the greatest risk factors for Yvette, and coupled with excessive anxiety, smoking, and infections propelled her towards her third PROM (Russell et al., 2014). Care plan for Sam Currently, the newborn baby Sam is undergoing investigation in nursery, as he is a premature baby. He is also undergoing treatment for acute infection. Sam is at increased risk of infection owing to the immunological immaturity and the UTI infection from mother. In addition to infection the preterm babies are at risk of respiratory distress, hypothermia and hyperthermia due to ambient temperature changes. According to Drysdale et al. (2014), respiratory distress is related to lung immaturity and low surfactant produced. The premature babies are also at risk of impaired sensory, auditory functions. Thus, the care plan for Sam include the following To ensure thermal homeostasis the infant will be placed in the warmer and isolette incubator and ensure that the baby has appropriate clothing. The carer may dry Sam thoroughly and discard the wet blanket soon. This process may prevent heat loss from evaporation. The baby must not be positioned on close surface. Sam may have cold stress due to hypothermia and hyperthermia may cause respiratory distress, thus regular monitoring of the temperature is needed. The care provider must provide medication as prescribed to prevent seizures associated with hypethermia (Drysdale et al., 2014). The breast milk can be instilled that is the expressed breast milk (EBM) to maintain body nutrients. It is because Sam may be at risk of imbalanced nutrition as a consequent of low glucose, iron and calcium reserve in the premature baby. As the premature babies have high rate of metabolism and inadequate calorie intake, they have low glycogen stores. Thus, it is mandatory to assess the input and output as well as blood sugar level (risk of hypoglycemia), weight and serum sodium (Green et al., 2015). The baby will be nil by mouth and on IV therapy to restore fluids. As the baby preterm, the careers must insert the nasogastric tube. The rationale for this is the premature babies, who are also prone to fluid and electrolyte imbalances caused by environmental factors and loss through lungs, skin,urine and skin. In case of edema, the fluid volume should be adjusted accordingly. Usually the preterm babies can concentrate urine to ~ 600 mOsm/L (Green et al., 2015). The baby must be regularly assessed for the BP, TPR and ascultate breath sounds to track the spread of infection. Therefore, the baby must be monitored for fever, vomiting, jaundice, urine with blood, cloudy urine or unpleasant-smelling urine. Since the baby already have an acute infection, there is a need of antibiotic therapy (IV antibioticss) as it inhibits the growth of bacteria. The UTI infection is usually treated within two to three days. Until the infection is cured breast, milk should be stopped to void further infections. Further, there is a need of identification and treatment of the voiding dysfunction. Evaluating the condition and based on the childs clinical judgment, the imaging evacuation of the urinary tract can be individualised. The UTI infection from mother can impose the risk of kidney in Sam. Thus, the baby must be assessed for the Kidney function (Vachharajani et al., 2015). It must be ensured in the nursery that all the people coming in contact with the baby maintain hand washing protocol to prevent infection. Sterilised equipments should be used to make necessary assessments (Olsson et al., 2016). Further, the neonate must be monitored for the signs of poor skin turgor, dehydration, ad sunken eyeballs for medical intervention. The babys eyes must be covered with patches while under the phototherapy lights to prevent retinal damage. Regular inspection of eyes is necessary to facilitate treatment for purulent conjunctivitis. The care provider in the intensive care unit must position Sam on side with rolled blanket at his back as this position facilitates breathing. As per Pryhuber et al. (2015), immaturity also leads to fragile skin. To prevent the superficial burns on skin avoid oily applications and repositioning is needed every two hours to avoid pressure areas (Russell et al., 2014). Lastly, the mother should be trained on the implications of the infection and the precautions to be taken to avoid further infections. Proper guideline must be given regarding care, handling of the baby and nutrition and the symptoms that need immediate medical intervention. Postnatal care and management for Yvette: Preterm birth is considered to be one of the most common pregnancy related complication ad a vast majority of the young mothers suffer from this particular complication. Although a preterm delivery is generally highly complicated and there are a number of risk factors associated with the preterm labour (Mercer, 2012). Hence even after the delivery, the preterm birth mothers face dire need of ongoing care and support both medical and psychological from the post natal care providers. Although the nursing acre professions will assist the woman with the pharmacological care needs and requirements the midwives can help the mother deal with other related complications after the preterm birth that will help her recover faster and care for herself and her child much better. One of the greatest challenges that a mother post preterm delivery include the infection, pain, confusion, anxiety, and most of helplessness in controlling her grievances. The midwives can provide immense psychological support along with guiding the mother with the care needs of herself and her baby. He care and management that Yvette will receive from the post natal obstetric staff or midwives in particular, include kangaroo care, postpartum pain management, psychological and social support including anxiety management, successful lactation, family centred care and guidance for planning future pregnancy (Lamont et al., 2011). Kangaroo care can be defined as the skin to skin contact of the mother with her newborn dressed only in a cap and diaper, and for the preterm babies in the neonatal intensive care unit, this technique is highly beneficial facilitating improved breastfeeding rates, stable body temperature for the new born, decreased hospital stays, and improved neurological development of the newborn (Di Renzo et al., 2011). And as the preterm babies lack in body weight and slow growth rates, this technique is even more beneficial for the preterm babies. In this technique the midwife will train Yvette to hold her neonate on her chest providing skin to skin contact which will regulate the babys body temperature decreasing the risk for preterm hypothermia and will train the other in readily accessible breastfeeding when need be. The second support that the woman under consideration for the assignment will receive from the midwives is regarding post partum pain management which is a very common occurrence following a LSCS (Flenady et al., 2013). The immediate relief intervention that the woman can achieve include lateral recumbent position, relaxation techniques like breathing exercises, back rubs, therapeutic touch exercise and administration of mild analgesics as directed by the registered midwife. Successful lactation is one of the most vital parts of the post natal care management and for good health of both the mother and the newborn. According to the American academy of paediatrics, the human milk is absolutely necessary for adequate growth and development of the baby. Although the mothers that give preterm deliveries face the challenge of successful lactation and maintaining adequate milk supply. The midwife can train Yvette the hand pumping technique to increase the milk supply, along with monitoring the breast health and milk production of the mother regularly to avoid mastitis or candidiasis as consequences of excessive pumping. Periodic breast massage is also a caring tactic that midwives take in order to help the preterm mothers increase their milk production rate (Flenady et al., 2013). Post partum depression and anxiety has emerged as one of the major maternal health and wellbeing priorities and Yvette, the woman under consideration for this assignment has already been dealing with excessive stress, anxiety and depression while being a single mother with two infants and a neonatal newborn, psychological support is one of the mandates in this situation. In case of NICE screening for postnatal anxiety and depression is one of the mandatory protocols; though there is not much for the midwives to do in clinical care, therapeutic management can be given to Yvette effectively by midwifery professional. Counselling and relaxation therapies engaging active communication and compassionate support can help the mother overcome her depression and fears and concentrate on keeping herself and her child healthy (Neilson, West Dowswell, 2014). Lastly overall guidance and training for preplanned future pregnancy and social support given by the midwife to the preterm mother, Yvette for this case scenario, has been proven to reduce the risk of post partum depression and anxiety along with the risk of recurrent preterm birth. The midwife will engage Yvette in a proper woman education regarding the risk factors of safe time gap between the next pregnancy and contraceptive techniques ensuring the best health for the mother and her children at large (Wylie et al., 2011). Proper social support of counselling and day care for her children, while she is in the hospital, will also be discussed with Yvette by the midwife. However, there are a few precautionary assessments that the midwife will engage the woman because of the infections that she had been suffering with. As per the case study, there is need for a few blood tests needed for testing the infection status of the whooping cough and the group B streptococcus infection like the CBC or complete blood count test. The temperature of the woman needs to be monitored periodically because of her infections. As Yvette has had whooping cough before the delivery, the midwife will also need to restrict the woman from visiting the newborn until all her infections are reduced. For her C-section, the incision site will be monitored regularly by the midwife for any signs of infection and any irregular bleeding should be monitored diligently as well, along with any impending fever. Conclusion: On a concluding note, it can be stated that the rate of preterm births have been increasing a at a rapid rate over the years and there are a myriad of risk factors that facilitate the preterm labour in women. For instance, in this case scenario where Yvette had suffered through two previous preterm deliveries and different infections and had to suffer through another preterm birth followed by a LSCS surgery. The anxiety and fear that Yvette had been experiencing had been very natural given the circumstances she went through as a single mother without any support, although continuing smoking had been one of the major contributing factors that propelled her towards the complications for the most part. However, it must not escape notice that optimal compassionate care and support has the potential to help her overcome the crisis situation and attain speedy recovery for both herself and her premature child. This assignment has discussed three of the key factors associated with the premature birth in the current age, the risk factors contributing to preterm birth, the postnatal care and management for the neonate and post natal care and management for the mother. It can be hoped that the care techniques and management outlined in the assignment will be beneficial in helping Yvette gain proper health in no time along with her newborn child. References: Di Kenyon, S., Boulvain, M., Neilson, J. P. (2010). Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes.Cochrane Database Syst Rev,8(8). Di Renzo, G. C., Roura, L. C., Facchinetti, F., Antsaklis, A., Breborowicz, G., Gratacos, E., ... Radunovic, N. (2011). Guidelines for the management of spontaneous preterm labor: identification of spontaneous preterm labor, diagnosis of preterm premature rupture of membranes, and preventive tools for preterm birth.The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Medicine,24(5), 659-667. Drysdale, S. B., Alcazar, M., Wilson, T., Smith, M., Zuckerman, M., Lauinger, I. L., ... Greenough, A. (2014). Respiratory outcome of prematurely born infants following human rhinovirus A and C infections. European journal of pediatrics, 173(7), 913-919. Flenady, V., Hawley, G., Stock, O. M., Kenyon, S., Badawi, N. (2013). Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes. The Cochrane Library. Green, J., Darbyshire, P., Adams, A., Jackson, D. (2015). Looking like a proper baby: nurses' experiences of caring for extremely premature infants. Journal of clinical nursing, 24(1-2), 81-89. Henderson, J. J., McWilliam, O. A., Newnham, J. P., Pennell, C. E. (2012). Preterm birth aetiology 20042008. Maternal factors associated with three phenotypes: spontaneous preterm labour, preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes and medically indicated preterm birth.The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Medicine,25(6), 642-647. Lamont, R. F., Nhan-Chang, C. L., Sobel, J. D., Workowski, K., Conde-Agudelo, A., Romero, R. (2011). Treatment of abnormal vaginal flora in early pregnancy with clindamycin for the prevention of spontaneous preterm birth: a systematic review and metaanalysis.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology,205(3), 177-190. MacIntyre, D. A., Sykes, L., Teoh, T. G., Bennett, P. R. (2012). Prevention of preterm labour via the modulation of inflammatory pathways.The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Neonatal Medicine,25(sup1), 17-20. Mercer, B. (2012). Antibiotics in the management of PROM and preterm labor. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics, 39(1), 65-76. Neilson, J. P., West, H. M., Dowswell, T. (2014). Betamimetics for inhibiting preterm labour. The Cochrane Library. Olsson, E., Ahlsn, G., Eriksson, M. (2016). Skin?to?skin contact reduces near?infrared spectroscopy pain responses in premature infants during blood sampling. Acta Paediatrica, 105(4), 376-380. Pryhuber, G. S., Maitre, N. L., Ballard, R. A., Cifelli, D., Davis, S. D., Ellenberg, J. H., ... Ren, C. (2015). Prematurity and respiratory outcomes program (PROP): study protocol of a prospective multicenter study of respiratory outcomes of preterm infants in the United States. BMC pediatrics, 15(1), 37. Reiss, I., Schaible, T., van den Hout, L., Capolupo, I., Allegaert, K., van Heijst, A., ... Tibboel, D. (2010). Standardized postnatal management of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia in Europe: the CDH EURO Consortium consensus.Neonatology,98(4), 354-364. Reynolds, L. P., Caton, J. S. (2012). Role of the pre-and post-natal environment in developmental programming of health and productivity.Molecular and cellular endocrinology,354(1), 54-59. Russell, G., Sawyer, A., Rabe, H., Abbott, J., Gyte, G., Duley, L., Ayers, S. (2014). Parents views on care of their very premature babies in neonatal intensive care units: a qualitative study. BMC pediatrics, 14(1), 230. Sweet, D. G., Carnielli, V., Greisen, G., Hallman, M., Ozek, E., Plavka, R., ... Halliday, H. L. (2013). European consensus guidelines on the management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants-2013 update. Neonatology, 103(4), 353-368. Tsiartas, P., Holst, R. M., Wennerholm, U. B., Hagberg, H., Hougaard, D. M., Skogstrand, K., ... Jacobsson, B. (2012). Prediction of spontaneous preterm delivery in women with threatened preterm labour: a prospective cohort study of multiple proteins in maternal serum.BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics Gynaecology,119(7), 866-873. Vachharajani, A., Vricella, G. J., Najaf, T., Coplen, D. E. (2015). Prevalence of upper urinary tract anomalies in hospitalized premature infants with urinary tract infection. Journal of Perinatology, 35(5), 362. Van Der Ham, D. P., Vijgen, S. M., Nijhuis, J. G., Van Beek, J. J., Opmeer, B. C., Mulder, A. L., ... Bloemenkamp, K. W. (2012). Induction of labor versus expectant management in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes between 34 and 37 weeks: a randomized controlled trial. PLoS medicine, 9(4), e1001208. Wylie, L., Hollins Martin, C. J., Marland, G., Martin, C. R., Rankin, J. (2011). 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Stress Reduction Essays - Stress, Aerobic Exercise, Jogging

Stress Reduction Consider how likely you would be to agree if one offers you the opportunity to better your health and your physique while at the same time getting rid of the everyday stresses. I once read that for college students, minor hassles, rather than major life events tend to maintain stress at unhealthy levels. But exercise is one of the essential elements to help lower stress. In an effort to help students, and teachers, to lower stress levels, I analyzed the ambiance found at Miami Dade South track facility. MDCC track offers a 400 meters facility with seating capacity for about 450 people (in permanent concrete bleachers) and additional temporary bleachers suited for 200 more. The track is located behind the pool (building 7000) and between the baseball and soccer fields. The track is made out of red clay, consists of eight lanes clearly separated by white lines, and painted with their respective numbers. The hours of operation of the track are from Monday thru Friday 7:00 to 2:30 PM and 6:30 PM to 9:30 PM; Saturdays from 9:00 am to 4:00 PM and Sundays is closed. Advantages of working out at the MDCC track are that the track is well lit and the students can go right after classes. In the middle of the track there is a well-trimmed grass area that can be utilized while warming up or cooling down. It is favorably recommended for any MDCC student to make use of the campus facilities, especially the track. Not only one will get natural stress reduction while jogging running for walking, but it is also free. In order to enjoy. MDCC track and avoid potential for injury here is a small list to utilize in order to get better results: 1) Start out by wearing comfortable shoes 2) Drink plenty of water throughout the day and try to eat healthy 3) Warm up for at least 10 minutes before starting your exercise (running, jogging or walking); make sure you give your muscles a good stretch without over exhaustion. 4) Start your exercise (run, jog or walk) and continue it for at least 15 minutes. Enjoy the view at MDCC. Look at the people around you and try to get "pepped-up". 5) Finish your exercise by cooling down for at least 5 minutes in the same way you did your warm-up. I am by no means a true expert on fitness and health but I am giving a fist hand account of what turns out to be a very relaxing experience at the track of Miami Dade. I hope you can enjoy it too!